Critical respond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Basic react - Essay Example The methodology that the creator takes is one that depends on giving data about the various traditions that were applicable to Japan, starting from 221 BC. The fundamental ideas that are introduced toward the starting show the primary domains just as the authority zones in which most worked with the Japanese tradition. The important realities incorporate everything from the horticultural ideas that were drawn closer during this time just as the manner by which the government offices partitioned the various outskirts and areas for rule. All the more critically, there is an immediate presentation that shows how the emperor’s of every locale consolidated new terrains and started to vanquish different regions to give more assets and riches to every country. The essential data incorporates the settlements that occurred from the various rulers just as various regions which were vanquished all through the tradition time. The writer not just consolidates the fundamental parts of the perusing from the political and horticultural perspectives, yet in addition starts to show how the patterns of Japan changed due to the strict convictions. For example, a portion of the mountain districts of Japan were viewed as hallowed. This prompted underdevelopment of the territories, just as explicit ways to deal with guarantee that the sacrosanct ideas were kept all through the area. This starts with a comprehension of how the old culture created with the primary ways of thinking, for example, the idea of words, images and pictures and how these mirrored the profound idea of those that were inside the district. The creator at that point moves into how this advanced into Zen Buddhism and the improvements that make Japan increasingly current in the strict convictions, explicitly due to the advancements that happened in old occasions. The creator connects the convictions as the center piece of the nation, which permitte d different pieces of intensity

Samuel Adams Radical Puritan essays

Samuel Adams Radical Puritan expositions A Book Review of Samuel Adams: Radical Puritan Students of history, for example, Drew McCoy and Joseph Ellis have delivered imperative investigations of the Founders and their effect on the timespan of the American Revolution. Fowler's enhancement to this blooming writing is from multiple points of view a conventional history. It examines Samuel Adams' life as it unfurled and gives less consideration to the bigger applied issues that instructed the age. No peruser can get away from this concise account without a feeling of the individual misfortune that Samuel Adams felt when he saw the demise of a considerable lot of his kids and his better half. Conveying five youngsters, three passings among them negatively affected Elizabeth...Elizabeth kicked the bucket on 25 July. (37) Nor will a mindful peruser accept that political situations developed by some anticipated way. Fowler's accomplishment here is to carry the peruser into the loll of Boston legislative issues, the field of quite a bit of Adams' life. His portrayal of Adams' Ha rvard, his framework of the professions and notorieties of other eminent figures -, for example, John Hancock and John Adams - and his delineation of Adams' disillusionment with the ascent of the Federalists during the 1790s - which remembered the political decision for 1796 of his cousin, John, to the Presidency - have specific uniqueness. In any case, this book is intended to be in excess of a theoretical life story. Fowler debates that Adams was from numerous points of view the progressive chief generally dazzled with maintaining the crucial the Puritan organizers of the Bay province. It is hard to track down among Adams' counterparts any who coordinated him in his sacrificial dedication to open help Fowler composes. (77) During his conversation of the non importation development, Fowler underscores that the ardent Puritan Adams asked more than once that extravagances and superfluities be shunned. (94) The trouble here is that history specialists stay isolated on what the expression Puritan implied in the eighteenth century. In spite of the fact that Fowl... <!

Choosing Harvard Essay Samples

Choosing Harvard Essay SamplesWhen you go to the essay samples, it is important that you consider the essay examples to be helpful. There are also many ways that you can get an essay sample. Some schools offer this as a part of the course and others just give these out as a courtesy to the student.Harvard University offers a free version of the essay samples, you may also be able to find these on their website, but be sure to look first. This is where they can provide you with a comprehensive resource of different essays and short essays that can help you in your writing career.There are many resources that can be accessed from the online service, which can help you choose what kind of essays you would like to write. They have also created many essay samples for each of the different topics such as essay examples on grammar, proofreading, research papers, tests, journalism and much more.The easy essay examples are a great way to prepare yourself for your next paper and you do not hav e to worry about the essay examples being difficult because the easy examples are written by very qualified experts. It is also very common to receive step-by-step instructions in writing an essay, and when you complete one of the easy essay examples, you will gain a very good feel for how the essay samples will be effective in your class.If you have chosen the online service to help you get the best essay samples then there are many tools that you will be able to download and use within the service. This includes answer sheets, test papers, essay examples, write-ups, as well as practice letters that can be used throughout your academic career.In order to see the full scope of all the services available, you should sign up with the online service and login. Within a few minutes, you will receive access to all the tools and resources that are available to you, so you can start writing.There are many experts that can assist you in writing the easy essay examples, and they will help yo u in understanding the different types of essay samples that are available. These experts will be able to suggest which type of essay samples will be most appropriate for your particular study or assignment.Using the guides to help you in your research and writing is an investment in your education and in the hard work that you put into your papers. Because of this, you will be more prepared for exams and can work more efficiently during class time.

A Brief History of the Young Lords

The Young Lords was  a Puerto Rican political and social action organization that began on the streets of Chicago and New York City in the late 1960s.  The organization disbanded by the mid-1970s, but their radical grassroots campaigns had long-lasting impacts. Historical Context In 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Jones-Shafroth Act, which granted U.S. citizenship to citizens of Puerto Rico. That same year, Congress also passed the Selective Service Act of 1917, which required all male U.S. citizens between the ages of 21 and 30 to register and potentially be selected for military service. As a result of their newfound citizenship and the extension of the Selective Service Act, approximately 18,000 Puerto Rican men fought for the U.S. in World War I.   At the same time, the U.S. government encouraged and recruited Puerto Rican men to migrate to the U.S. mainland to work in factories and shipyards.  Puerto Rican communities in urban areas like Brooklyn and in Harlem grew, and continued to grow after World War I and during World War II. By the late 1960s, 9.3 million Puerto Ricans lived in New York City. Many other Puerto Ricans migrated to Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago. Origins and Early Social Activism As Puerto Rican communities grew, dwindling economic resources like proper housing, education, employment, and healthcare became increasingly problematic. Despite their involvement in the wartime labor force and  participation in the front lines of both world wars, Puerto Ricans faced racism, lower social status, and limited employment opportunities. In the 1960s, young Puerto Rican social activists gathered in the Puerto Rican neighborhood of Chicago to form the Young Lord Organization. They were influenced by the Black Panther Partys rejection of a white-only society, and they focused on practical activism such as cleaning up neighborhood garbage, testing for disease, and providing social services. The Chicago organizers provided a charter to their peers in New York, and the New York Young Lords was formed in 1969. In 1969, the Young Lords were described as a ‘’street gang with a social and political conscience.’’ As an organization, the Young Lords were considered militant, but they opposed violence. Their tactics often made news: one action, called the â€Å"Garbage Offensive,† involved lighting garbage on fire to protest the lack of garbage pickup in Puerto Rican neighborhoods. On another occasion, in 1970, they barricaded the Bronxs decrepit Lincoln Hospital, collaborating with likeminded doctors and nurses to provide proper medical treatment to community members. The extreme takeover action ultimately led to the reformation and expansion of Lincoln Hospitals health care and emergency services. Birth of a Political Party As membership grew in New York City, so did their strength as a political party. In the early 1970s, the New York group wanted to disconnect with a perceived street gang held by the Chicago branch, so they broke ties and  opened offices in East Harlem, the South Bronx, Brooklyn, and the Lower East Side.   After the split,  the New York City Young Lords evolved into a political action party, becoming known as the  Young Lords Party. They developed multiple social programs and established branches across the Northeast. The Young Lords Party developed a political structure that resembled a complex hierarchy of parties, within the organization aligned with top-down goals. They used an established set of unified goals and principles that guided multiple organizations within the party called the 13 Point Program. The 13 Point Program The Young Lords Partys 13 Point Program established an ideological foundation that guided all organizations and people within the party. The points represented a mission statement and a declaration of purpose: We want self-determination for Puerto Ricans--Liberation of the Island and inside the United States.We want self-determination for all Latinos.We want liberation of all third world people.We are revolutionary nationalists and oppose racism.We want community control of our institutions and land.We want a true education of our Creole culture and Spanish language.We oppose capitalists and alliances with traitors.We oppose the Amerikkkan military.We want freedom for all political prisoners.We want equality for women. Machismo must be revolutionary... not oppressive.We believe armed self-defense and armed struggle are the only means to liberation.We fight anti-communism with international unity.We want a socialist society. With the 13 Points as a manifesto, sub-groups within the Young Lords Party formed. These groups shared a broad mission, but they had distinct goals, acted separately, and often used  different tactics and methods.   For example, the Womens Union sought to aid women in their social struggle for gender equality. The Puerto Rican Student Union focused on recruiting and educating high school and college students. The Committee for the Defense of the Community focused on social change, establishing nutrition programs for community members and taking on big issues like access to health care. Controversy and Decline As the Young Lords Party grew and expanded  their operations, one branch of the organization became known as the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers Organization. The PPRWO was explicitly anti-capitalist, pro-union, and pro-communist. As a result of these stances, the PPRWO came under scrutiny by the U.S. government and was infiltrated by the FBI. The extremism of certain factions of the party led to increased member infighting. The Young Lords Partys membership declined, and the organization was essentially disbanded by 1976.   Legacy The Young Lords Party had a brief existence, but its impact has been long-lasting. Some of the radical organizations grassroots social action campaigns resulted in concrete legislation, and many former members went on to careers in media, politics, and public service.   Young Lords Key Takeaways The Young Lords Organization was an activist group (and, later, a political party)  aimed at improving social conditions for Puerto Ricans in the United States.Grassroots social campaigns like the Garbage Offensive and the takeover of a Bronx hospital were controversial and sometimes extreme, but they made an impact. Many of the Young Lords activist campaigns resulted in concrete reforms.  The Young Lords Party began to decline  in the 1970s as increasingly extremist factions broke off from the group and faced scrutiny from the U.S. government. The organization had essentially disbanded by 1976. Sources â€Å"13 Point Program and Platform of the Young Lords Party.†Institute of Advanced Technology in the Humanities  , Viet Nam Generation, Inc., 1993, www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Manifestos/Young_Lords_platform.html.Enck-Wanzer, Darrel.  The Young Lords: a Reader. New York University Press, 2010.Lee, Jennifer. â€Å"The Young Lords Legacy of Puerto Rican Activism.†Ã‚  The New York Times, 24 Aug. 2009, cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/the-young-lords-legacy-of-puerto-rican-activism/.â€Å"New York Young Lords History.†Ã‚  Palante, Latino Education Network Service, palante.org/AboutYoungLords.htm.â€Å" ¡Presente! The Young Lords in New York - Press Release.†Ã‚  Bronx Museum, July 2015, www.bronxmuseum.org/exhibitions/presente-the-young-lords-in-new-york.

Research Paper on Improving Organization Retention

Abstract As the professional consultant you hired to improve the retention issues in your casino, allow me to table my tender and painstakingly researched report of my findings concerning the deteriorating situation of your casino. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2008), it is paramount for business firms to focus on the implementation of ideal marketing strategies if they must succeed. Sir, in this report, you will find out why most of the patrons have been disappearing never to return. You will also get to know the reasons behind why this casino has been so ineffectual, full of indifferences and with the most indubitable sullied reputation among the other casinos around. It is also in this report that you will get to know how the dealers have been deserting your casino to in other casinos irrespective of the fact that your casino pays better than all the casinos around. In this report sir, you will also find your position as a president. Cases of absenteeism are also well researched here and reported as well. Get to know why most of the managers in the accounting and other departments request their full time employees to cover for housekeeping by duties which include cleaning rooms and why the victimized junior employees should not. Discover how the workers’ wages are comparable to the neighboring casinos but end up working extra unpaid hours as compared to their counterparts for example they clean extra rooms per day as compared to their counterparts. Among other unjust, just to mention a few. Introduction I believe that leadership is prerequisite to effective management in an organization thus, without appropriate leadership skills; you cannot be an effective manager. Basically, there is an identical relationship between concepts of leadership and management. Management is a particular designated position in an organization while leadership is, being in a position that is achieved in an unofficial way therefore isolating the two terms and this should be noted in mind. I truly believe that many organizations are not shocked by customer defections and even if they did, they do it when it is too late. A good leader must be able to create a good relationship with the people he is leading since nobody can succeed alone without the solidarity of others. For any organization to succeed, the core imperative element is teamwork. Without teamwork, an organization cannot stand firm against its rivals. As the wise business men once said, if you want to go fast, go alone and if but if want to far, go with others. Every entrepreneur’s goal is to ensure that he goes far ahead of his competitors. Success in any business depends simply on profit made. Without profit, there is no active transaction going on. The most crucial pillar in a business is a client and he must be protected and pacified in all ways possible in order for him/her to come back again (Reichheld, 1996) Managers within their professional lines of duties should take into consideration some of most important business strategies. Some of these strategies include; the nurturing of the existing professional and social relationship between them and clients, they are obligated to train and educate their employees about interaction skills as far as their behavior is concerned, they should at all time aim at establishing a long-term and strong relationships with qualified service providers and clients they must be able to customize activities to clients at individual level. A perfect manager must be able to constantly establish switching barriers with clients in order for them not defect to other service providers. Lastly, they should be able to update clients information on a data base both private and professional information. Problems Casino’s condition is much deteriorated. During my stay here, much discrepancies and the situation needs a quick fix before things get futile beyond fix. Beginning with the housekeepers, and other dealers, workers have been resigning at a very wanting rate due to the poor working conditions due to lack of leadership in top management beginning with the president who has shown mediocrity as far as the leadership is concerned. Among the reasons why the workers have found it of no benefit to work here are; poor working conditions due to lack of protective equipments like gloves, helmet, overalls and boots among others. Low wage is also another major factor as to why the workforce is declining at a very high level. I acknowledge the fact that JC casino is the best paying casino around town. The problem is that the amount of work they do is double of what should be done normally. As a remedy, these people should be induced in order for their morale to be kept alive and therefore, o vertimes should be put at place to encourage this people work extra more hours. A casino is a profit making company with workers being core elements here. In this case, they should be taken care of in all aspects with finance being the kea basic need of every human being. Due to the absenteeism, the hotel has been forced to adjust its check in and mostly, the management has been creating rooms to accommodate extra luggage. The standard at the casino is not appealing and therefore below the recommended industry standards. Extra staff has been temporary hired to take care of the visitors’ luggage which is unusual. Discovery has as well revealed that housekeeping director Mr. Andrew Keen has been working hard to improve the situation by adding more staff but, all has been in vain since such like plans require sound support and reliable back up which unfortunately, is limited due to carelessness from the top management. The justice theory This theory is motivational since it involves the person’s value rather than their needs, reinforcements or beliefs. This theory concurs with the supposition that people largely value equality over their relationships with their fellow employees in the workstation. This is to say that when an organization hires someone for a certain job, they believe in themselves to an extent of working to the best of their level in which they also expect to be fairly treated by the same organization. This means that they exchange courtesy and due to this, the individuals hired are highly motivated. The two factor theory This theory suggests that the nature of the job itself motivates an individual but not by its condition or inducements. Two categories are contained by the two factor theories being the motivator factor and the hygiene factor. All these must be observed to guarantee the prosperity of the organization. These two theories are more crucial and must be adhered to under all circumstances. Effects There is a public outcry concerning the casino’s top management starting with the president of the casino who is reported to be toxic towards other people, arrogant, overbearing, incompetent, sluggish, merciless and elementary in leadership making the casino a no go zone for patrons and other relevant dealers. Communication has totally died from between the management and dealers making the casino a no go zone for many patrons. According to Blalock, for decades, communication skills have been consistently ranked as imperative to all managers and employees as well. (Blalock, 2005) These and many more grievances have sullied the casinos image giving birth to; laziness among workers since there is no proper guidelines from the top, carelessness among the staff has led to less productivity due to less attention that the visitors are accorded forcing them to go away following the dissatisfaction. Generally, all these atrocities have scared away visitors forcing them to go to the neighboring casinos. To reclaim the glory that JC casino had, A quick fix must be observed and emergency rescue plan enforced. Recommendations JC casino pays better than any other surrounding casinos. Despite this fact, dealers have been running away from it to go and work for the casinos which pay them less salary. This is basically due to the arrogance by the boss. The president must be sacked as soon as possible. The HR director must be accorded his powers so that he can execute his duties and responsibilities amicably. Employees’ salary must be reviewed and also their working conditions improved. Extra rooms must be preserved for emergencies just in case visitors turn out in large numbers they can be easily accommodated together with their luggage. Working hours should be observed so as not to overwork employees especially housekeeping crew. In case of overtimes, recommended additional allowances should be awarded accordingly. Inducements should be awarded to the best performing employees to help them keep their spirit of working hard. Cleanness should be maintained in rooms and preparations must be timely to avo id inconveniences with visitors. As a professional, I strongly concur with Robert Wu in his dream of a business culture with generosity, purpose and joy. Therefore, idiosyncrasy and complexity usually distinguishes professional services by being unique within and among professional firms. The proper channeled business principals give birth to professionally serviced firms with qualities such as routinization, standardization and supervision (Robert Wu, 2010) Conclusion The management is the core determinant in any business. Managers should be able to lead as an example and act as role models by showing good examples to their juniors. Some of them include punctuality, regular attendances, hardworking, selfless in duty execution, listening and meek professionally so as to be able to contain all sorts of characters the company will be serving. Companies should learn to maintain his reliable customers and ensure that they do not lose them to their rivals. References: Reichheld, F.F. (1996): Learning from the customers’ defections. Derived September 29, 2010 From http://hbr.org/1996/03/learning-from-customer-defections/ar/1 Wu, R. (2010): Redeeming Business Culture. Derived September 29, 2010 from.http://synergyministries.org/perch/resources/redeeming-business-culture.pdf Blalock, M. (2005): Why good communication is good business. Derived September 29, 2010 from http://www.bus.wisc.edu/update/winter05/business_communication.asp

The Influence of Society in Mark Twains The Adventures of...

The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn Essay Society controls an individual of what they want them to think or do. Society shapes and individual of their ideas and morals leading to conflict of what one wants to do but also what society wants him to do. But when one becomes separated from society, they’re able to think for themselves more but are still conflicted by society. Eventually the individual will be able to make their own decisions without having to think about what society want them to do. This is what happens in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, the main character Huck is conflicted in multiple situations of what he believes is right and what society believes is right. In Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck’s alienation from society illuminates Twain’s central message that being away from society can lead to an individual becoming more independent, following his own ideals and morals. In the beginning of the novel the readers see Huck being influenced by people around him in St. Petersburg, shaping him with society’s ideas and morals. Huck is influenced by many people in his life especially by the people who take care of him and are his friends. Huck is ‘sivilized’ by Widow Douglas and Miss Watson who represent the middle to upper class white Christian society back in the days, they try to teach him their own morals and ideas but ultimately their ideas and morals are corrupted by society as well. An example of this would be when Miss WatsonShow MoreRelatedHuckleberry Finn Persuasive Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pagesalmost-right word and the right word is really a large matter- ‘tis the difference between the lightning bug and lightning.†(Mark Twain). Mark Twain, the author of an extraordinary yet controversial novel; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn had a great way of capturing moments in time and bringing them to life through the use of meaningful and direct diction. Th e Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been a vexed novel for it s a use of the â€Å"N-word†. However, many scholars and associations have devised a â€Å"solution†Read MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s Works Made A Huge Impact On Readers And Literary Critics1288 Words   |  6 Pages2/26/17 P:2 Outline Mark Twain’s works made a huge impact on readers and literary critics. His writing occurred during both the romantic and realist time eras in American Literature. He has simple, seemingly artless narrators and an understated style leads readers to arrive at the social commentary of his narratives on their own. Mark Twain’s writing influenced society because he created a new perspective on life with the views pointed out in his books. The distinctive trait of Twain s was hisRead MoreMark Twain : Seeing America s Flaws1593 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain: Seeing America’s Flaws â€Å"You don’t know about me, without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , but that ain’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain and he told the truth, mainly. There was things he stretched, but mainly he told the truth† (qtd. in Jones 237). That was the very first line in Mark Twain’s controversial book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel L. Clemens, as a young boy, grew up on the Mississippi and learned the ways of southernRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn2015 Words   |  9 Pagesfamous author Mark Twain, less commonly known as Samuel Clemens, produced The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A few years prior to the publishing of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain released possibly his most famous book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which is very much an adventure novel. In the early chapters of Twain’s sequel, it appears that ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ The Adventures of Huckle berry Finn is another adventure novel, and that it is just following a different character from Twain’s earlier worldRead MoreHuckleberry Finn Should Be Banned Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesSociety has had problems with The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn shortly after being published. Huckleberry Finn was first published in January of 1885 and only two months later in March of 1885 the book was banned. The problem first with the book was it was too friendly toward African Americans and believed to lead children astray from certain values. Now over 100 years later â€Å"Huckleberry Finn is still making news† (Pitts). Now in the 21th century we have a problem with Huckleberry Finn not becauseRead MoreCommentary on Mark Twain ´s Huckleberry Finn742 Words   |  3 Pagesbook by Mark Twain; Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.† Mark Twain’s historical fiction, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is about a boy, Huckleberry, and a runaway slave, Jim. Huck decides to fake his death and runaway. Eventually, Jim and Huck run into each other and together they travel down the Mississippi River. They encounter many obstacles in their way, but overcome anything that comes their way. Although this book has been rejected by many schools, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is essentialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1346 Words   |  6 Pagesat â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† Racism was an ever present evil that was prevelant during the 1830s and 1840s that lead to a multitude of wrongdoings against blacks. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is about a young child name Huck and how he matures in a society teeming with racism. While on his adventure, he must learn to make tough, adult-like decisions. He travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave who later becomes one his his greatest friends. In Mark Twain’s novel TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1697 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal Standards in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Throughout the evolution of the world’s societies, the roles of women seem to act as a reflection of the time period since they set the tones for the next generation. Regardless of their own actions, women generally appear to take on a lower social standing and receive an altered treatment by men. In Mark Twain’s pre-civil war novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, lies a display of how society treats and views women, as well as how theyRead MoreResearch Paper Mark Twain1306 Words   |  6 PagesIsabella Thomaz Donna Hunter - Period 2 Research Paper - Mark Twain October 26, 2012 MARK TWAIN: A REMARKABLE MAN WHO PAINTED THE WORLD â€Å"Classic - a book which people praise and dont read.† When Samuel L. Clemens (more often referred to as Mark Twain) said this, he meant it in a humorous sense, but he also wanted people to understand it’s meaning. People call books like Huck Finn and Gatsby classics, yet the idea that these books are actually read by everyone isn’t so. Twain isn’t justRead MoreParent Figures in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1398 Words   |  6 PagesName Course Course Instructor Date Parent figures in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck indirectly searches for a home among the different characters, with whom he interacts. The theme of parental figures is core to this piece of work. There are different characters, which represent parental figures. These are important to Huck, as they help to shape him into a man. The characters that are a representation of parental figures include Jim, Mr

Reporting International Financial Standard -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Reporting International Financial Standard? Answer: Introducation From the analysis of annual report of Crane Group limited, it can be seen that goodwill has been subjected to an impairment test on annual basis and they are tested whenever there is an indication resulting from events and circumstances that it requires impairment. Any excess amount of goodwill should be written off in the period of determination. Over the useful life of assets, amortizations of intangible assets are done. If change in status of impairment is indicated by occurrence of any events and circumstances, then impairment testing is conducted by organization more often than annually. Crane group limited also conducts impairment testing annually for intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and the potential for impairment is indicated by circumstances and events. Moreover, reviewing of definite lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when there is indication that particular assets requires impairment. During the fourth year, annual impairment testing is perf ormed by company. Company has reviewed long-lived assets when it is indicated that particular assets carrying value cannot be recovered as depicted by circumstances and events (Cranegroup.com 2018). The assessment of annual impairment is performed by organization by comparing respective carrying value of assets with their fair value of reporting units. When the estimated net book value of reporting unit is more than fair value is less than, goodwill is regarded to be potentially impaired. Establishment of fair value is done by discounting future estimated cash flow at an estimated cost of capital. In the recent impairment assessment, cost of capital considered for estimating future cash flow varied from 9% to 12%. Furthermore, organization has applied hypothetical and reasonably possible 10% decrease in fair value for evaluating the sensitivity of calculations of fair value on the impairment testing of goodwill. Crane group limited did not require impairment charges during financial year 2016, 2015 and 2014. Organization is required to make assumptions and estimates in light of certain accounting policies adopted and this have an impact on reported amount of liabilities and assets. Assumptions involved some inherent uncertainties such as judgment of management in applying the analysis of goodwill impairment. Reasonable assumptions and estimates are made by organization for calculating fair value of reporting units. Anticipated net increase or decrease in costs and current structure of costs forms the basis of assumption of profit margin (Cranegroup.com 2018). There is periodical reviewing of assumptions and estimates and the impact of revisions are reflected in the financial statements. Impairment testing of organization has the possibility of getting impacted by subjectivity and extent of estimates and involvement of subjectivity in the impairment process has the possibility of creating difficulties in obtaining accurate inputs. Presence of higher degree of subjectivity makes the measurement of amount to be recovered is highly sensitive that lead to assumptions that cannot be verified about terminal growth rate. Methodology of impairment testing would be gamed by recoverable amount manipulation and it will have the consequence of manipulating recognition timing. The outcome of impairment testing is influenced by presence of high degree of subjectivity, as the management would act opportunistically (Cascino et al. 2016). From the analysis of annual report of Crane group limited, it can be ascertained that there exist low degree of subjectivity used in the impairment testing assumptions. The purpose of impairment testing involves goodwill allocation to cash generating units and in the event of occurrence of restructuring, goodwill is reallocated. However, management is making estimates and assumptions in determining the discount rate and cash flows and this would cause substantial fluctuations in values generated. Furthermore, impairment status of organization is dependent upon circumstances and economic events that create the requirement for impairment. Crane group management have made assumptions about forward looking statements depending upon future events that might not be accurate (Cranegroup.com 2018). The impairment testing of Crane group limited is surprising as depicted from the analysis of annual report of company. It was so because the information about impairment testing is not presented in detailed way and there are no technical procedures in conducting impairment testing. Annual report of Crane group depicted that it adopted hypothetical changes in fair value of each reporting unit and the sensitivity of fair value is evaluated by carrying out sensitivity analysis. Assessment of impairment requires making estimates of valuation of assets and other items (Mayo 2017). After the analysis of annual report of Crane group limited, it was ascertained that impairment testing of assets is done by organization not necessarily on annual basis. Impairment testing can be conducted when there is an indication of carrying out impairment as depicted by some circumstances and occurrences of some events. Unlike some other similar companies, annual impairment testing is performed by company during fourth quarter. Impairment assessment conducted by company more recently ranges between 9% to 12% and the inherent risk of each reporting unit is tested (Cranegroup.com 2018). Judgment of management in applying in applying to the analysis of impairment of goodwill also comes with inherent uncertainties. Moreover, long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when the amount is not recoverable. Therefore, the surprising insights that have been gained after evaluating the annual report of company is that impairment is carried out on annual as well as quarterly basis if ind icated by events and circumstances. The fair value of reporting units to which goodwill is attributed and assigned are evaluated as per the provisions of accounting policies employed by company. Determination of existence of impairment is performed by comparing the carrying value to fair value. Establishment of fair value of reporting unit is done by discounting estimated future cash flow at cost of capital that varies and by making reasonable assumptions. It is believed by company that there do not exist any events and occurrence that has the impact of reducing the fair value of definite and infinite lives of intangible assets. Marking of financial instruments contracts are done on current basis and realizing the loss or gains that are recognized in other expenses or income. Any changes in derivatives fair value have their recognition in the comprehensive income statement (Cranegroup.com 2018). A clear picture of financial position of reporting entity is not provided under the existing lease standard, as there is application of different accounting models for different transactions. Actual amount of liabilities of business might be more than what is represented in the balance sheet under existing standard. The current accounting for lease do no requires operating lease to be disclosed on the balance sheet and hence many leased liabilities and assets are not represented on the financial statements of reporting entity. It has been estimated by IASB that out of US $ 3.3 million worth of lease commitments all over the world, 85% of it does not appear on the balance sheet (James 2016). Hence, financial analysts and investors seeking information from balance sheets will not be provided with appropriate information and they do not reflect true figures. The lack of proper information about financial obligations and it absence on balance sheet will lead to understatement of liabilit ies. It is so because organizations having thousand worth of assets under the commitment of operating leases is not incorporated in the financial metrics. Actual financial position of company in terms of its several financial metrics is not depicted by the new standard (Horton 2018). Based on the information available on the balance sheets, investors make adjustments and thereby it does not reflect true economic reality. Former accounting standard does not make it mandatory to make presentation of operating lease on balance sheets and does not record the associated liabilities. Various financial metrics of organization such as outstanding liabilities, EBIT, net income and operating cash flows does not reflect their actual value because of absence of lease commitments on balance sheet. Organizations make lease accounting on balance sheets virtually and both operating and financing leases are not disclosed in the balance sheets (Choubey 2016). This would make total assets and liabilities arising from lease commitments to be accounted for by organization and they are not presented on balance sheet. However, companies reflect total amount of debts that is attributable which would be considerably lower than total leased assets and liabilities. It is the reason why the off balance sheets liabilities is more than the total amount of debt presented on balance sheets. The controversies associated with former accounting standard concerning lease is related to the complications of creating difference between financing and operating leases. Operating leases are more required to make disclosure on their balance sheet and this is the reason airline companies was no level playing field. Most of airline companies carry out their operations by buying their aircraft fleets and some other lease fleets (Hoyle et al. 2015). This is indicative of the fact that there exists considerable difference between financial positions of such airline companies. While, it is possible that such companies financial positions are identical. Airline companies incorporating different characteristics such as economics, pricing and risks lease Aircrafts and this is the reason there is no level playing field between such airline companies. Standard implementation is regarded as lengthy process and for controlling to track and account for leases require developing new process. Management is required to aggregate and collect necessary information needed for disclosures. Allocation and identification of no lease and lease components are also required. There would be fundamental change in accounting treatment of leases by lessee and assessment method of lease liabilities would change. Since there will be increased reported liabilities and assets as most of leases would be brought on to balance sheets. Moreover, there is no distinction between leases that are on balance sheet and off balance sheet operating leases under IFRS 16. This leads to introduction of single on balance sheet accounting model that is identical to current finance lease accounting. Some other reasons responsible for making new accounting standard for lease unpopular is increased complexities and costs in reporting (Plotnikov et al. 2017). It has been pe rceived that many reporting entities would fail covenant testing if there new lease standard becomes effective and for the lessee, organization will appear more leveraged that they are in actual terms (Hoskin et al. 2016). Organization is required to review their current leasing activities for implementation of standard and it will be time consuming for them to collect and gather data. New accounting requirements concerning leases brought by the implementation of new leasing standard would end the guesswork and rough estimates made by investors when computing the substantial lease obligations of company. There would be much needed transparency as there will be proper disclosure of lease liabilities and assets and this is indicative of the fact that there will be no longer lurking of off balance sheet lease financing (Warren 2016). Moreover, new standard will help in facilitating comparison between those that borrow for buying and those that leases. Organizations are required to make disclosure of their leasing commitments and hence there will be more transparency for liabilities that are disclosed in the balance sheet. Disclosure of leased liabilities and assets will help in brining a more flexible source of finance and expenditure related to capital (Cheng 2015). There will be better allocation of capital, better decisions by management and creating a new awarenes s about the method of leasing done by company. Furthermore, the model of current dual accounting will be eliminated by the implementation of this standard and it will help in creating distinction between off balance sheet and on balance sheet operating leases. References list: Cascino, S., Clatworthy, M., Osma, B.G., Gassen, J., Imam, S. and Jeanjean, T., 2016. The decision usefulness of financial accounting information: an experimental interview study of institutional investors Cheng, J., 2015. Small and Medium Sized Entities Managements Perspective on Principles-Based Accounting Standards on Lease Accounting. Choubey, S., 2016. IFRS 16 Leases. The MA Journal, 51(2), pp.91-94. Commerce, P., 2014. Advanced Financial Accounting. Cranegroup.com. (2018).Crane Group. [online] Available at: https://cranegroup.com/ [Accessed 17 Jan. 2018]. Crawley, M. and Wahlen, J., 2014. Analytics in empirical/archival financial accounting research. Business Horizons, 57(5), pp.583-593. Horton, J., 2018. Advanced Financial Accounting and Reporting: Theory, Practice and Evidence. Routledge. Hoskin, R.E., Fizzell, M.R. and Cherry, D.C., 2014. Financial Accounting: a user perspective. Wiley Global Education. Hoyle, J.B., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T., 2015. Advanced accounting. McGraw Hill. James, M.L., 2016. Accounting for Leases: A Case Exploring the Effect of the New Lease Accounting Standard on the Financial Statements. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 22(3), p.152. Johnson, K., 2014. Lease accounting: a look into the proposed standard. Matherly, M., 2015. ACCT 305-01-02 Financial Accounting Reporting I. Mayo, W., 2017. GAAP: An Analytical Study of Financial Accounting Standards (Doctoral dissertation, University of Mississippi). Plotnikov, V.S., Plotnikova, O.V. and Melnikov, V.I., 2017. O teoreticheskikh aspektakh Mezhdunarodnogo standarta MSFO (IFRS) 16 Arenda[On the theoretical aspects of the International Standard IFRS 16 Lease]. Mezhdunarodnyi bukhgalterskii uchetInternational accounting, (1), pp.2-15. Warren, C.M., 2016. The impact of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)/International Financial Reporting Standard 16 (IFRS 16). Property Management, 34(3). , ?.?. and , ?.?., 2015. InteractIon and dIfferences In management and fInancIal accountIng. , (6), pp.9-14.

Kiai Marketing Group Laptop Skin Marketing Management Report

Executive Summary Kiai marketing group intends to offer a product promotion service in London, targeting the students of Western. The product entails sticking skins onto laptop lids, bearing graphical advertisements. Kiai intends to make a profit by exploiting the difference between the price paid by advertisers and the pay offered to the student team.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Kiai Marketing Group: Laptop Skin Marketing Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kiai will serve the small businesses of London by providing a means of reaching sections of the student population to promote specialized products. Preliminary research has indicated that the student population is a much sought after demographic. Student governments have limited access to this demographic by preventing marketing companies from advertising on university campuses. This proposal by Kiai marketing Group will offer a new way to reach these 30,000 strong demographic. The main competitors in this industry are The London Free Press, Western News, The Gazette, Orientation Week Packages and Immobile Poster Campaigns. To be able to provide clients with guaranteed exposure, Kiai will world with a core group of highly active and involved western students who are certain to use their laptops every day of the week and in every class. Kiai will source for investors who will take up a laptop skin for the entire eight month duration of the academic year. From an exhaustive analysis of the deals offered by the competition, an investor will pay $1062 per skin for the full academic year. This price will enable Kiai to pay the team members at the determined rate of $10 for a 10 hour work week. It will also enable the realization of a profit of $5,000 in the first year as envisioned by the founder, Roger Mills and to defray for printing costs for the skins, brochures, posters and business cards and other operational and incidenta l expenses. Kiai will pursue an intensive course of marketing and will pursue all promotional channels. Kiai will participate in the Business Opportunities Trade Show for two days in August. This show, attracting between 500 and 1500 people, many of them from the small business community, will be a brilliant and effective opportunity to expose the product. Roger Mills will also enroll in the Small Business Center, in London. This association will provide valuable business plan reviews and networking opportunities. The membership fee of $95 will include a business card display in SBC’s display case and discounted room rentals to hold meetings, providing credibility.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kiai will also procure posters, brochures and business cards at a combined cost of $275 to distribute to potential clients. However, Kiai will not set up a website in the fi rst two years of operation. A website will not add considerable value to this brand as it requires a personal approach to sell the idea. Before Kiai has established a reputation, the site is likely to have few hits, proving to be a poor investment. The price offered of $1,062 is very competitive as it covers an entire eight-month academic period. It is significantly more cost effective than the other options available to small businesses. This medium offers a maximum CPM of $19.65 which is much lower than the average. Introduction Roger Mills of The University of Western Ontario (Western) established Kiai Marketing Group (Kiai) as a marketing firm that aims at providing new and innovative marketing solutions for businesses in London, Ontario. It aims to provide small businesses with a marketing product that reaches groups of Western’s student population. Roger Mills of Kiai has developed laminate laptop skins to use as a form of advertisement space. These skins will bear vari ed promotional messages and graphics affixed to laptop lids. These laptops skins, used in classrooms and around the campus will create exposure for their clients’ products. This advertising specifically targets the students of Western, and the community of London, Ontario, a total population of over 430,000. The marketing will target interested local businesses. The chosen student team bearing the promotions on their laptops will be adequately compensated. A small one-man printing operation in downtown London will manufacture the laminate skins. A prototype skin has already been developed using laminate materials. It has a white adhesive backing that can be easily applied to and removed from laptop lids. This prototype cost $25 to develop. This report will analyze the industry, the competition, the corporate capabilities and consumers to determine the viability of Kiai’s product. It will also offer recommendations to help improve the product’s performance.Advert ising We will write a custom report sample on Kiai Marketing Group: Laptop Skin Marketing Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A financial analysis has also been carried out to determine the right pricing for compensating the students and pricing the product. There is a separate analysis to determine the cost per impression for the product. Analysis Corporate capabilities Kiai marketing Group was established by Roger Mills as a student marketing firm, to engage in product promotion. It operates in London, Ontario. It intends to do this by affixing skins with promotional messages and graphics onto students’ laptop lids. The charges levied on advertisers will partly go to compensating the students. Kiai looks to make a profit by exploiting the difference between the price paid by advertisers and the pay offered to the student team. Kiai will serve the small businesses of London by providing a means of reaching section s of the student population to promote specialized products. This product requires a significant amount of printing and design. However, Kiai will limit operations to its core activity; product promotion. Kiai will outsource all none core activities. Roger Mills will carry out the design of the adverts in conjunction with the clients. A printer has already been identified in downtown London who will handle the printing of the actual skins. A local printing shop has also been identified to undertake the printing of promotional brochures, posters and business cards. This implies that Kiai does not need to outlay capital for printing equipment and expertise. Selection of the team to bear the advertisements will guarantee the highest business exposure. Therefore, the team members have to be highly active individuals who will use their laptop in public places in a consistent manner. They will also be outgoing individuals who are capable of making a small sales pitch in favor of the produ ct upon inquiry. The passive nature of this advertising means that it does not prevent the team members from engaging in other income generating activities. Therefore, it is possible to offer the team the average wage rate earned by students of $10. Kiai will not rent out offices. Roger Mills will utilize the discounted offices offered by SBD as part of the membership deal. Industry analysis The target area of London, Ontario has a target population of over 430,000 people and is the 10th largest city in Canada. Preliminary research has indicated that the student population is a much sought after demographic. Student governments have limited access to this demographic by preventing marketing companies from advertising on university campuses.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This proposal by Kiai marketing Group will offer a new way to reach these 30,000 strong demographic. The municipal and the provincial governments in London were hugely supportive of local small businesses. They factored the future growth of the small business community in the downtown planning criteria. This has led to a large number of small businesses operating in London, which has created a demand for a service such as Kiai proposes to offer. The work week, in London, is 5 days. Kiai’s marketing, however, does not need to stop over the weekends as it is a passive process. The Kiai Marketing Group will only be active during the eight months when Western is in session. This weakness means that it will not be ideal for cases where advertisers wish to reach the student population while away from Western, or to reach the rest of London’s population during these months. The City of London has a population of over 430,000 while the student population at Western is over 30, 000 and growing. The large population of the city means that there is a potential to grow the market in the future to target sections of the public outside of Western. With this large student population, it will be easy to source team members who will bear the laptop skins, and the medium will have a large impression. London small businesses owners have a strong entrepreneurial spirit. Therefore, they are likely to embrace a marketing medium that will offer them the advantage of well-placed niche advertising to reach their clients. The manufacture of the laptop skins is from recycled paper and are themselves recyclable. This environmental consciousness in the product will make an impression on the clients and targets that are environment conscious. The design and printing of the skins provides for three laptop sizes. Laptops that have a lid diagonal dimension of less than 13 inches will not be eligible. Competitive analysis A number of media operating in London will offer stiff comp etition. Some of this media is commercial while some of university affiliation. The London Free Press (LFP) is London’s foremost daily newspaper and averages 226,000 readers every weekday, 250,000 readers on Saturdays and 140,000 readers on Sundays (â€Å"Advertising†). The LFP also has an online readership of 65,000 aged between 18 years and 34 years, with over 4 million page views per month. The distribution of pre-printed advertisements in the daily newspaper is based on designated market zones, corresponding with the advertisers’ target market. Research and analysis of similar media indicates that The LFP may charge in the neighborhood of $3,200 for a one-time front page advert during a weekday (â€Å"Media kit†). A section front page advertisement in black and white would cost $1,400 for each weekday. For smaller advertisements, the cost would be about $380 for each weekday. The LFP also offers online advertising campaigns on its website. A banner pr omotion with a guaranteed 100,000 impressions in a month costs the advertiser $450 a week for at least one month. There are also a number of alternatives in their website ranging from $175 to $450 a week with a minimum six month contract. Western News is Western’s free weekly newspaper and electronics news about Western, catering primarily to staff and faculty, and available to all interested students. They publish a tabloid type paper with thirty four editions every academic year. They dispense 10,000 copies every week to forty news boxes. Advertisements in the Western News could be up to half a page, and prices range from $31.64 for a 2 inch wide advertisement to $497 for a full page. The Gazette is Western’s student funded, student run newspaper published by the USC. Each regular academic week has four separate issues. The Gazette distributes 44,000 papers free of charge each week during the academic year to over 50 drop points on campus. Advertising in the Gazette for one week ranged from $124 for a sixteenth of a page to $1430 for a full page(â€Å"Media kit†). Orientation Week at Western offers interested businesses direct exposure to over 5,000 first-year students over a five-day period. A â€Å"Welcome to western† Package costs $3,000. The company’s logo appears on the Orientation week website main page for this price. The business’s logo appears on 5,000 laundry bags issued to first-year students. There is a banner display with the business’s name at the large orientation week event. A golf cart mounted with a mobile banner advertising the business travels around campus during the week among other promotional activities. Another option available to target Western students is an immobile, framed poster campaign. Poster campaigns were typically owned by media companies, and spaces leased out to businesses targeting Western students. These campaigns are commonly used in university washrooms and the bar or restaurant areas. Depending on the number of frames, locations could be acquired at a cost of $110 per month. Kiai’s product targets small businesses. Advertising investment decisions for small businesses are usually based on perceived value (CPM), results and the originality of the media choice. Although it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of a new advertising campaign, there is an attempted application of reasonable estimates of exposure. Kiai’s form of advertising will make more meaningful impressions compared to the standard, more traditional advertisements offered by the competition. Most of these competitors, especially The LFP and its online edition, and Western News do not have the ability reach segments of the student population. Because many companies experience this difficulty reaching relevant university demographics, Kiai has only a few key competitors. Kiai also has the advantage of being a product initiated within Western and is, therefore, very likely to have preferential treatment from all advertisers originating from the Western community, like The USC. The operational strategy of competing media is to reach as large an audience as possible. Kiai’s strategy should be to reach as many relevant targets as possible. This is done by strategically placing advertisements near interested parties. The greater resources that are available to the other media will not affect Kiai’s strategy significantly. Kiai does not require a massive capital outlay for its operations. Consumer analysis Kiai laptop skin marketing promotion targets the small business community which is truly vibrant in London. These small businesses deal in niche products, which require relevant advertisement placement, for effective marketing. The City also has a vibrant academic side to it with The University of Western Ontario and Fanshawe College which attract thousands of students from outside the city. The presence of larger companies and a fa vorable environment for small business outlook has encouraged a number of entrepreneurs to start small businesses. These businesses benefited from the direct targeting of students at Western. As a result of the small scale of these businesses, most of them operate on a tight budget and are cautious with new investments. These small businesses cater mostly to students, and they would make significant clients. Their reservation with big investment decisions would not be a factor since Kiai offers a cost friendly solution. Western University Students Council (USC) is a nonprofit recreational and educational corporation for student life on campus. It has the objective of getting students involved and to provide the best student experience among research universities. It has the responsibility to organize clubs, university functions and retail spaces in the University Community Center. The USC makes use of the HYPE Street Team to create awareness on various on-campus events, formals, fun draisers and concerts by designing and executing creative promotional strategies. HYPE Street Team will make a significant client since Kiai’s media method is an excellent complement to HYPE’s existing promotional campaigns, It is unlikely that Westerns’ administration would have reservations. Recommendations To be able to provide clients with a guaranteed exposure, Kiai will world with a core group of highly active and involved western students who are certain to use their laptops every day of the week and in every class. These students should also attend homework sessions, meetings, presentations and conferences at which their laptops will be on display. This manner of placement will guarantee clients broad exposure on campus and with everyone that interacts with the core group. Kiai should also conduct surveys around the campus to determine the actual exposure rates. Clients approached with factual data on the proficiency of the medium will be more willing to invest than those required to invest in good faith. Kiai should as part of its sells pitch, emphasize the ability of the team to vocally advocate for the brand upon inquiry. This lends an aspect of human interaction to the media which is an advantage over the competition and a significant differentiating factor for Kiai. There is a change in the size of the laptop skin. It will now be printed in three sizes, 13, 15 and 17 inches, to fit the different laptop sizes common on the campus. It will also allow a larger number of students to be eligible to joining the team. From the nature of the competition, it is advisable not to offer the same product they do but to create a niche product which will be attractive to a select clientele with a relevant target within the student population. For instance, a small business dealing in products that are relevant only to members of one faculty will require that their products are advertised only in that faculty. Kiai will source for investors w ho will take up a laptop skin for the entire eight month duration of the academic year. From an exhaustive analysis of the deals offered by the competition, an investor will pay $1062 per skin for the full academic year. This price will enable Kiai to pay the team members at the determined rate of $10 for a 10 hour work week. It will also enable the realization of a profit of $5,000 in the first year as envisioned by the founder, Roger Mills and to defray for printing costs for the skins, brochures, posters and business cards and other operational and incidental expenses. Kiai will pursue an intensive course of marketing and will pursue all promotional channels. Kiai will participate in the Business Opportunities Trade Show for two days in August. This show, attracting between 500 and 1500 people, many of them from the small business community, will be a brilliant and effective opportunity to expose the product. Roger Mills will also enroll in the Small Business Center, in London. T his association will provide valuable business plan reviews and networking opportunities. The membership fee of $95 will include a business card display in SBC’s display case and discounted room rentals to hold meetings, providing credibility. Kiai will also procure posters, brochures and business cards at a combined cost of $275 to distribute to potential clients. However, Kiai will not set up a website in the first two years of operation. A website will not add considerable value to this brand as it requires a personal approach to sell the idea. Before Kiai has established a reputation, the site is likely to have few hits, proving to be a poor investment. Conclusion The price offered of $1,062 is very competitive as it covers an entire eight-month academic period. It is significantly more cost effective than the other options available to small businesses. This medium offers a maximum CPM of $19.65 which is much lower than the average. Exhibits Table 1: Statistical distribu tion of CPM across competing media Low $1.84 Median $18.79 High $180 Average $51.06 Table 2: Cost outlay Item Cost 10 laptop skin printing at $25 each $250 Trade show participation $750 Team compensation at 15 dollars/hour $4200 SBC membership $95 Printing of 250 business cards $50 100 information brochures b/w $25 100 color posters $50 SBC networking $200 Gross total annual cost $5620 PREFERRED PROFIT = RECEIVED PAYMENTS – EXPENSES Therefore, RECEIVED PAYMENTS = PREFERRED PROFIT + EXPENSES = $5,000 + $5,620 = $10,620 Therefore cost per skin = $1,062 Table 3: Impressions per week Location Attendance Impressions Minimum Average Maximum Class 15 100 100 100 Cafeteria 2 50 75 100 Library 2 50 75 100 Meeting 1 10 10 10 Homework session 1 10 10 10 Home Work 1 10 10 10 Total impressions per week 1730 1830 1930 Calculating the cost per impression based on the maximum exposure Client cost per week = 1062/28 = $37.92 CPM = $ 37.92/1.93 = $19.65 Works Cited â€Å"Advertising.† The London Free Press. https://lfpress.com/. Web. â€Å"Media kit.† The Windsor Star. https://windsorstar.com/. Web. This report on Kiai Marketing Group: Laptop Skin Marketing Management was written and submitted by user Abigail Dixon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

US Historical Newspapers Online by State

US Historical Newspapers Online by State Search indexed newspapers or browse the actual digitized pages of hundreds of digitized historical newspapers online. This listing of historical newspapers online by state includes many, but not all, of the available U.S. historical newspapers online. Most historical newspapers listed here are free, but those that require a subscription are marked accordingly. Alabama Birmingham Iron Age, 1874-1887 - Free, from the Birmingham Public Library Digital Collections Alaska Tundra Times, 1962-1997 - The voice of Alaskan Natives, online for free access from the Tuzzy Library at Ilisagvik College. Arizona Casa Grande Newspaper Project, 1912-2007 - Search more than 267,735 historical newspaper pages online for free thanks to the Casa Grande Public Library. Arkansas Northwest Arkansas Times (Fayetteville), 1937-1977 - Part of Ancestry.coms historical newspaper collection, along with selected years of several other Arkansas newspapers. Subscription required.Arkansas Gazette, 1819-1899 - Just one of several historical Arkansas newspapers available online through GenealogyBank.com. Subscription required. California Amador Ledger, 1900-1911 - Online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper CollectionAlta California, 1849-1910 - a daily San Francisco newspaper, online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper CollectionEl Clamor Publico, 1855-1859 - the first Spanish-language newspaper in California after the American occupation. Online for free fro the USC Libraries Digital Archive.Los Angeles Herald, 1900-1910 - Online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper CollectionSan Francisco Call, 1900-1910 - San Franciscos morning newspaper until 1913, online as part of the free California Digital Newspaper Collection Colorado Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection - 140 historical newspapers online, published in Colorado from 1859-1923, including the Daily Rocky Mountain News from Denver. Free Connecticut The Hartford Courant, 1764-1984 - Online archives from the Hartford Courant offers free index searching, but requires a per article fee to access actual newspaper documents. Florida Boca Raton Newspapers Collection, 1938-1970 - Free collection of several hometown newspapers from the Boca Raton Historical Society.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 - This free historical newspapers collection from the Library of Congress offers access to several dozen different Florida newspapers, including the Gainesville Daily Sun, Pensacola Daily News and the Florida Agriculturist.Florida Digital Newspaper Library, mid-1800s through present - Hundreds of Florida newspapers have been digitized and made available online for free viewing through this massive project.St. Petersburg Times/St. Petersburg Evening Independent, 1901-present - Google News Archive hosts free digitized copies of these two long-time St. Petersburg newspapers. Enter St. Petersburg or the paper name in the source box. Georgia The Cherokee Phoenix, 1828-1833 - American Indian newspaper, online for free viewing as part of the Georgia Historic Newspapers collection.The Colored Tribune, 1876 - Savannah-based, African-American newspaper. From the Georgia Historic Newspapers collection.The Dublin Post, 1878-1887 - Online for free viewing as part of the Georgia Historic Newspapers collection.Rome News-Tribune, 1910-1999 - Selected issues, most from 1910, and from 1950-1990, are available online for free viewing through Google News Archive. Enter Rome News in the source box. Hawaii Ulukau: Hawaiian Electronic Library, 1834-1948 - A collection of historic Hawaiian language newspapers available for free searching and browsing.Hawaiian Language Newspapers, 1834-1927 - More than a dozen historic newspapers with free online access from the University of Hawaii. Scattered dates and titles available. Illinois Barrington Review, 1914-1930 - Free access to full–page reproductions from January 1, 1914–December 29, 1921 and April 23, 1925–November 13, 1930. Also available, an index to births, deaths and marriages from the Barrington Courier-Review from 1890-2006.Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections, 1895-1945 - Titles available among the more than three dozen newspaper titles include the Daily Illini (1916-1945), the Urbana Daily Courier (1903-1935), and the Express - Tallula, Illinois (1895-1896, scattered issues). Free!Chicago Tribune Archive – Historic article images from 1852 to the present. There is a fee for individual article access, or available via subscription from ProQuest Historical Newspapers (check with your local library).Chicago Defender Archive – Historic article images from 1905–1975. There is a fee for individual article access, or available via subscription from ProQuest Historical Newspapers (check with your local library).Quinc y Historical Newspaper Archive, 1835-1919 - Free access to the Quincy Daily Whig, Quincy Daily Herald and Quincy Daily Journal. Flora Digital Newspapers Collection - Free, online historical newspapers from Flora and Clay County in Southern Illinois from the Illinois Digital Archives.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 – Includes the Chicago Eagle (1889–1922) and the Cairo Bulletin (1868–1878), plus a few others. Indiana Hoosier State Chronicles  - Indianas digital historic newspaper program offers online access to several dozen Indiana newspaper titles,  encompassing over 58,000 issues and over 360,000 pages.Muncie Post-Democrat, 1921-1950 - Includes issues of the historic anti-Ku Klux Klan newspaper published by George Dale from 1921 until his death in 1936, and continued as a local newspaper after his death until the 1950s. Free!NewspaperArchive  - The Indiana Historical Society partnered with Newspaper Archive to digitize 5,625 rolls of microfilm representing 760 Indiana newspapers, encompassing more than 2.5 million newspaper pages dated 1924 and earlier. View for free  in the William H. Smith Memorial Library, or online with a subscription to NewspaperArchive. Iowa Adams County Free Press, 1876-2000 - Over 100,000 digitized pages online for free searching and viewing.Cedar Rapids Newspaper Archives, 1857-1998 - Free online access to a number of Cedar Rapids area historical newspapers, including the  Cedar Rapids Gazette,  Des Moines Daily News  and  Iowa State Leader.Charles City Press, 1930-2007 - A free online database containing more than 3,300 historical newspaper pages from the Floyd County Museum.Sioux County Newspaper Archives, 1878-2000 - Search or browse over a dozen Sioux County historical newspapers for free. Kansas Kansas Memory Historic Newspapers, 1850-1987 - Selected pages and articles from historical newspapers across the state.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 - Explore selected issues from over 20 historical Kansas newspapers in this free digitized collection from the Library of Congress.GenealogyBank - Historic Kansas Newspapers, 1841-1981 - Selected (mostly short) runs from over 68 historic African-American Kansas newspapers can be searched and viewed through a subscription to GenealogyBank, including such newspapers as the Wichita Searchlight and the State Ledger (Topeka).Ancestry Historical Newspaper Collection - Kansas  - Subscription-based site Ancestry.com offers digitized issues of the  Atchison Globe, in its various incarnations, from 1882-1976, plus the  Great Bend Tribune,  Salina Journal, and  Western Kansas Press. Kentucky Historic Kentucky Newspapers, 1896-1916 - The Kentuckiana Digital Library has over 35 historic Kentucky newspapers online for free searching and viewing. Available issues vary by paper - from one to several thousand. Louisiana New Orleans Bee, 1827-1953 - Free PDF files are browseable by date, but there is no other search feature. From the Jefferson Parish Library.Louisiana Newspaper Access Program  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ A small number of the earliest newspaper issues from each of Louisianas 64 parishes.Chronicling America, 1836–1922 – This free historical newspapers collection from the Library of Congress offers access to over fifty historical Louisiana newspapers, including the Louisiana Democrat, the Colfax Chronicle and the Madison Journal.Google News Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitized Louisiana newspapers in the Google News Archive collection include a large run of the New Orleans Commercial Bulletin, the Louisiana Courier, the New-Orleans Tagliche Deutfche Beitung and the Louisiana Staats-Zeitung. Maryland Google News Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Browsable and searchable Maryland newspapers in the Google News Archive collection include the Baltimore Afro-Eagle (1933-2003) and the American Eagle (1856-1857).Maryland Early State Records Online, Newspapers, 1802–1947 – Browsable only, these digitized early Maryland newspapers date as early as the 1802 American and Commercial Daily Advertiser to the Civil War era Baltimore Clipper and more recent Cambridge Chronicle (1830–1947).Maryland Gazette Collection, 1728–1839 – Browsable, digitized pages from the Maryland State Archives. Massachusetts The Barnstable Patriot Digital Archive, 1830–1930 - Searchable digitized newspaper covers Cape Cod and the Islands, plus the Hyannis Patriot (1894-1930) and Sandwich Observer (1910-1911). From the Sturgis Library.The Chatham Monitor Cape Cod Chronicle Historical Collection  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The Eldredge Public Library has digitized and made available online their entire collection of historic Chatham newspapers.Provincetown Advocate – Search the Provincetown Public Librarys digitized collection of Provincetown area newspapers, including the Provincetown Advocate, Provincetown Banner, Provincetown Beacon and News Beacon. Scroll down to the bottom of the page for the search link.Boston Globe Historical Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Historic article images from 1872-1922, plus current content from 1979-present. There is a fee for individual article access, or available via subscription from ProQuest Historical Newspapers (check with your  local library).The Liberator  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digiti zed images from 1831-1865 can be searched or browsed for this influential anti-slavery newspaper published by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. Available with a subscription to Accessible Archives. Michigan Cass City Newspapers  - Free PDF images of the Cass City Chronicle (1981–2009) and Enterprise (1881–1906) from the Rawson Memorial Library.The Commercial Record  (Saugatuck) – Back issues of this Saugatuck-Douglas community newspaper are available for browsing for most of the period 1868–1967. A small portion of the content has been indexed and is searchable.Grosse Pointe Newspapers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Includes the Grosse Pointe News (1940–present), Grosse Pointe Review (1930–1952), and Grosse Pointe Civic News (1923–1934). From the Grosse Pointe Public Library.Making of Modern Michigan  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Dozens of historical newspapers dating back to the mid-1800s are available from a cooperative of 52 participating libraries, including the Manchester Enterprise (1867-1892) and Owosso Press (1862-1869).Lake Orion Review  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Searchable archive covering the years 1868-1957 from the Orion Township Public Library. Minnesota Holt Weekly News  - Searchable and browsable archive of the community newspaper Holt Weely News from 1911-1952.Minnesota Digital Newspaper Project  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ A great gateway page to the Minnesota historical newspapers available online at Chronicling America, including various incarnations of the Saint Paul Globe (1878–1905) and Bemidji Pioneer (1896–1922).Winona Newspaper Project  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This searchable archive includes available issues of the Winona Argus (1854 and 1857), the Winona Daily Republican (1860–1901), the Winona Republican-Herald (1901–1954), and the Winona Daily News (1954–1976). Mississippi The Citizens Council  - Digitized issues of the newspaper of the white supremacist Citizens’ Council of Mississippi, published from October 1955 to September 1961.Ancestry Historical Newspaper Collection, Mississippi  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Subscription-based access to ten historical Mississippi newspapers, including several incarnations of the Daily Democrat Times (1904–1912 and 1930–1977) from Greenville, Mississippi.The Memphis Daily Appeal  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Although located in Memphis, Tennessee, this newspaper included several Mississippi towns in its coverage area, including Hernando, Grenada, Jackson, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. Missouri Chillicothe Constitution Tribune  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Searchable archive of more than 320,447 newspaper pages from the Chillicothe Constitution Tribune, 1889-2006.Missouri Digital Heritage, Newspapers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Online archive of historic newspapers from St. Louis and other locations from the collections of various Missouri libraries and historical societies.Chronicling America1836–1922 – Over three dozen historical Missouri newspapers can be searched or browsed in this free online collection from the Library of Congress. Includes the St. Joseph Observer, Jackson Herald, and many others. Montana Chronicling America  - A small handful of Montana historical newspapers are available online as part of this free Library of Congress project; the two largest runs are The Anaconda Standard (1889-1970) and Daily Yellowstone Journal (1882-1893).Digital CharKoosta News  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitization of this newspaper published by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Indian Reservation covers the years 1956 to 1961, and 1971 to 1988. Nebraska Nebraska Newspapers  - Searchable full-text of selected Nebraska newspapers published in the state before 1923, plus great background information on each newspaper. These newspapers also available through Chronicling America.Chronicling America  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Nebraska newspapers digitized in this freely available full-text database from the Library of Congress include The Dakota County Herald (1891-1965), Omaha Daily Bee (1872-1922), Columbus Journal (1874-1911) and The Red Cloud Chief (1873-1923).The Ord Quiz  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This historic newspaper from the Ord Township Library is available as searchable PDFs, browsable by date. Nevada Las Vegas Age Digital Newspaper Collection, 1905–1924 - Digital images of the Las Vegas Age from the special collections of the Las Vegas-Clark County Library District. Published from 7 Apr 1905–30 Nov 1947, but several issues are missing, including all of 1916.Henderson Libraries Digital Collection  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Includes two newspapers dating back to the mid-20th century – The Henderson Home News (1951-current), and The Big Job and Basic Bombardier newsletters (1940s) from the BMI magnesium plant in Henderson, Nevada. New Hampshire Paper of Record  - A few short runs of historical New Hampshire papers, including The White Mountain Reporter and Carroll County Independent, are available online from the subscription-based site, Paper of Record.Newspaper Archive  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Several New Hampshire newspapers can be accessed via a subscription to Newspaper Archive, including the Portsmouth Herald (1898–2007). New Jersey Atlantic County Digitized Newspaper Collection  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitized newspapers published in Atlantic County from 1860-1923, including the South Jersey Republican (1863-1923) and Mays Landing Record (1877–1906).Red Bank Register Newspaper Archives  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Full text searching of this New Jersey newspaper covers the years 1878–1991. From the Middletown Township Public Library.The Bayshore Independent (Matawan)  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Select digitized issues covering the years 1971 through 2000, from the Matawan - Aberdeen Public Library.New Brunswick Daily Times  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Access to searchable, digital issues of the New Brunswick Daily Times (1871–1916), from the New Brunswick Public Library. New Mexico Chronicling America  - Nearly 5 million digitized, searchable newspaper pages from historical New Mexico newspapers can be searched online for free in this collection from the Library of Congress. Includes historical runs of The Albuquerque Citizen (1895–1909) and The (Albuquerque) Evening Herald (1914–1922).New Mexicos Digital Collections  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Digitized copies of several New Mexico newspapers (Belen News, Borderer, Revista de Taos...) are online as part of a digital collections project of the University of New Mexico University Libraries. They also host a  searchable database  for locating non-digitized New Mexico newspapers. New York NYS Historic Newspapers  - Over 4 million digitized newspapers pages from historic newspaper titles across much of New York State are available for free online searching and browsing.  Fulton History  - Dont let the title and design of this website fool you! Owner Tom Tryniski has digitized and made available online for FREE over 30 million historical newspaper pages, mostly from newspapers across the state of New York.The Brooklyn Newsstand  - The Brooklyn Public Library offers free online access  to the full run of the  Brooklyn Daily Eagle  newspaper, which was published from 1841 to 1955, as well as  Brooklyn Life, a society magazine published from 1890 to 1931.

Are there any political implications for David Cameron, in regards to Essay

Are there any political implications for David Cameron, in regards to the current welfare reform policy - Essay Example His contributions to the current welfare policies are evident in the linking of benefits to wages, which have helped to cut inflation. David Cameron might have influenced the welfare reform policy when he implemented the twenty thousand dollars a year cap to help in housing benefits. Suggestions made by Cameron concerning young people not being entitled to benefits until they pay their contributions, might have contributed to the current welfare reform policies. However, there were some individuals who were against the opinion (Blond, 2009). Some of the reasons as to why this research topic is worth studying are evident from some of the claims that were made by Cameron concerning the welfare reform policy. For example, one of the claims by Cameron is evident from his statements when he claimed that claimants were supposed to undertake work in return for the benefits they had obtained within six months of unemployment. In his attempt to implement the welfare policy, Cameron also argue d that individuals, who were on the sickness benefit, were supposed find ways of improving their health to cut on the government’s expenditure. However, such proposals lead to debates from the public. There are also suggestions that were made by Cameron regarding the welfare reform policy that are thought to have had political implications. ... When he suggested that housing benefits be removed for persons under the age of 25 years. He also suggested that the issue of regional benefits be examined to fit the cost of living. It is thought that some of these proposals that were made by Cameron might have been a representation of his political shift in the management of the coalition. This is because sources indicate that Cameron did acknowledge that some of the proposals he made could not be delivered in concert with the liberal democrats. Cameron also stated that some of the proposals that were made had to wait for a conservative majority of the government until the year 2015. Cameron might have had political implications because he stated that his intentions were to set out the country for the next election (Daguerre, 2005). Research suggests that Cameron might have had political implications, because of reactions that were obtained from other politicians like Danny Alexander. Who claimed that to ensure the welfare reform p olicy is implemented, focus should be placed on the introduction of universal credit. This research question is worth studying because it is evident that arguments have been arising concerning the implementation of the welfare reform policy. Cameron insists that other politicians should not use compassion to measure the size of the welfare cheque. Young people aged 25 years also think that Cameron was against their development when he advocated for a stop in their housing benefits. Other politicians also argued that implementing the welfare reform policy by cutting the tax credits was wrong (Davies, 2007). Academic research carried out on the topic reveals that there were political implications of the welfare reform policy. This is because some of the

Child Abuse and maltreatment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Child Abuse and maltreatment - Assignment Example This article will address child abuse that is encountered by preschool children. There are colossal type of child abuse at this age but the common ones are, physical, emotional, neglect and sexual. The physical abuse incorporates all the aspects of physical harm like slapping, caning or beating a child as well as any physical punishment that is inappropriate to the Childs age. Child neglect is when a caregiver or the parent fails to provide for the child basic needs like clothing’s, shelter, food and supervision. Emotional abuse involves humiliating, name-calling, telling a child worthless he is among others. Sexual abuse includes sexual activity with a child, and it is sad to note that it usually done by a person the child trust. Some cultural health practices may be misidentified as maltreatment. For example, giving a child herbal medication to treat disease rather than the conventional medicine (Johnson, 2004). The earlier a child abuse is identified, the better for the Childs recovery. Warning signs include extremely passive child, tantrum throwing, unexplained physical injuries, being afraid to go home, filthy clothing and trouble in walking in sexually abused children. Reporting a child abuse case involves calling the local police, documenting everything that the witness saw, having the child evaluated at child assessment centre, investigation launch into the allegation, getting an attorney and call children justice office for further assistance (Asnes & Leventhal, 2010). Asnes, A. G., & Leventhal, J. M. (2010). Managing child abuse: general principles. Pediatrics in Review / American Academy of Pediatrics, 31, 47–55. Johnson, C. F. (2004). Child sexual abuse.

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay John Steinbeck was born in 1902 in Salinas california. Steinbecks novels can be classified as social novels, dealing with the economic problems of rural labour in America in the 1920s and 30s. Of Mice and Men is set in the farmlands of the Salinas valley, the country side described in the opening chapter of the novel and the ranch itself, may have been familiar to Steinbeck as he grew up in the area where his father owned a farm. The two main themes in Of Mice and Men are loneliness and dreams. These themes are interwoven in that, people who are lonely have the most need of dreams to help them through life. The lonliness theme is evident in many of the characters, Candys long time companion is his dog , Had him since a pup. He said proudly. (pg 47) He cannot bring himself to shoot the old cripped dog, even though he knows its for the best, Whynt you shot him candy asks Carlson. No, I couldnt do that, I had im too long (pg 47) With his dog gone candy will have lost his long time companion. Crooks the nigger ranch hand lives in enforced solitude away from the other men. Here Steinbeck introduces the predudice black people encountered around the time in which the novel is set. I aint wanted in the bunk-house, and you aint wanted in my room Crooks tells Lennie. Although at first crooks is upset by Lennies apperance, he invites him into his room. [long as you wont get out and leave me alone, you might as well set down ] His lonliness is evident when he tells Lennie A guy needs somebody to be near him this is also evident when Candy enters the room Come on in if everybodys coming in you might as well it was difficult for Crooks to hide his pleasure. (pg 79) The theme continues when we meet Curlys wife. She is the only women on the ranch. She tries to befriend the men by hanging around the bunkhouse. When she talks with Lennie in the barn she tells Lennie I never get to talk to nobody, I gets awful lonely She has married a man she doesnt raelly love. We know this when again talking with Lennie she tells him Well I aint told this to nobody before, I dont like curly he aint a nice fella. George and Lennie are not lonely during the novel as they have each other. George will be lonely afterwards as he will not have Lennie by his side. Lennie, because his character has a childlike innocence about him he may not fear lonileness like the others. The only evidence we have to show Lennie has some concept of being alone is when he is with crooks and Crooks teases him that George is hurt and may not come back. George gonna come back Lennie reassured himself in a frightened voice (pg 77) The other theme the novel focuses on is the American dream Where many aspired to obtaining a better and more properous life. Many of the farm labourers during this time would have dreamt of buying their own land to work themseleves. The symbol throughout the novel for the dream is rabbits. 2 George and Lennie share a dream to own a little place of their own and live on it. We are introduced to this very early on in the novel when Lennie asks George tell me like you done before about the rabbits (pg 14) George tells Lennie some day we gonna have a little house and a couple of acres and lennie will have his rabbits. Throughtout the book whenever Lennie talks about their dream he always talks about the rabits george will get him. Candy joins them in the dream and could help make it a reality when he offer his savings as downpayment in return for being included. Crooks dreams of being equal to the others. He is skeptical at first you guys is just kiddin yourself. He tells Lennie and Candy But you wont get no land he tells them (pg 80) He rembers his childhood when his father owned a arm and he played with the white children and longs for a similar relashonship with white people again He is drawn into the dream when he hears Candy candy has some money to help buy the land. He asks if the guys would want a hand to work for nothing just his keep, why id come a lend a hand ( pg 81) Curlys wifes continues the theme, all be it a different dream. She has draems of leaving the farm and being in the movies She tells Lennie she met a guy that was gonna put her in the pitchers. The novel focuses on many contrasts. George and Lennie are contrastec on the way they look and behave. Lennie is decribed as a huge man, shapeless of face, with wide sloping shoulders walking heavily, we percieve him to be slow ( in mind and body). George in contrast is small and quick with sharpe features. The more able of the two. Lennie can also be compared to several animals a bear , immensly strong, he is innocent and helpless like the mouse and puppy. Candy can be compared to his dog, both of them old, both of them good workers in their youth, but now worn out and past their usefulness. The people on the ranch with power can also be contrasted. Slim who is respected for his wisdom and competence and Curly who only has power because he is the farm owners son not from respect. The Title of the book OF MICE AND MEN comes from a poem by Robert Burns. The best laid shem Jayne Stupple Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Essay --

(a) Deadweight loss, or as termed in the question, ‘welfare loss’, is the loss of consumer and producer surplus as a result of inefficient market activity, including monopolistic competition. According to the Theory of the Firm, monopoly power includes a much higher barrier of entry, which further impedes competition by increasing the start-up cost, which essentially creates high product prices, compared to the firms, which hold the monopoly power of production, and have already established production. As a result there a loss of productive and allocate efficiency, thus encouraging welfare loss, by decreasing consumer surplus due to limited competition and subsequent monopoly powers, which enable profit-maximization at a small production output, creating a deadweight loss. (b) By using anti-monopoly legislation and price regulations, two different forms of government interventional policies that are utilized to offset the market inefficiency, and subsequent loss of welfare, which monopoly power encourages, governments are able to reduce monopoly power in a sector of economy. The diagram below compares monopolistic competition and perfect competition: As the diagram above illustrates, the monopolistic profit maximization lies at the average market cost, representing a large deadweight loss in the triangle formed by ATC, AR and Monopoly Output. To combat this, reducing welfare loss by increasing output and lowering prices, government intervention may prove an efficient method of solving the problem of monopoly. By legislating anti-monopolistic policies, for example lowering barriers of entry to encourage competition that was previously unsuccessful due to the monopoly-induced high barriers of entry. This would profit companie... ... directly allocates funds to purposes of increase economic development, then they unconsciously limit the growth, which the nation will experience, because the financial resources have been used for secondary purposes. This can be exemplified in several socialists economic measures, such as taxation, transfer payments, indirect taxes, excessive government expenditure, with which the government aims to improve equity and income equality, but at the cost of economic and financial growth. However, taxation and transfer payments, will reduce the utilization of scarce resources of human labour, in the sense that it might limit the individual incentive to work, when the state offers alternative ways of income. This is observed in countries with large taxations, where transfer payment represent a living for many citizens, again with reference to the Scandinavian countries.

Chemical Bond and Crystal Field Theory

TextBooks Sr No T-1 T-2 Title Engineering Chemistry Chemistry Reference Books Sr No R-1 Other Reading Sr No OR-1 OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 Journals articles as Compulsary reading (specific articles, complete reference) http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/journal/10. 1002/(ISSN)1097-4601 , http://www. springer. com/chemistry/electrochemistry/journal/10800 , http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/journal/13882481 , http://www. springerlink. com/content/100224/ , http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/journal/00108545 , http://pubs. acs. org/journal/joceah , http://www. ciencedirect. com/science/journal/00323861 , Title Author Edition 1st Year 2011 Publisher Name Cengage Learning Chemistry-Concepts and Applications Steven S. Zumdahl Author Suba Ramesh,S. Vairam , P. Kalyani Raymond Chang Edition 1st 9th Year 2011 2008 Publisher Name Wiley Tata McGraw Hill Relevant Websites Sr No RW-1 RW-2 RW-3 RW-4 RW-5 RW-6 (Web address) (only if relevant to the course) http://www. klte. hu/~lenteg/an imate. html http://dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/atomic_orbits. htm http://www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18. wf Salient Features Chemistry animation and videos Atomic orbital animations Hybridization animation http://jchemed. chem. wisc. edu/JCEDLib/WebWare/collection/open/JCEWWOR019/mo Molecular orbital theory animations movies. html http://www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/activa2. swf http://dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/Electro. htm Activation energy animation Electrochemistry animations RW-7 RW-8 RW-9 http://www. mhhe. com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/galvan5. swf http://dwb4. unl. edu/chemAnime/acid_base. htm http://wwwchem. uwimona. edu. jm:1104/courses/CFT. tml Galvanic Cell animation Acid base animations Crystal field theory Audio Visual Aids Sr No AV-1 AV-2 (AV aids) (only if relevant to the course) http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-2/ Sali ent Features video on Introduction-Atom and molecule http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fallVideo lecture-wave particle duality 2008/video-lectures/lecture-3/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principlesof-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-4/ http://ocw. it. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fallAV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron 2008/video-lectures/lecture-5/ , http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles- configurations of-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-6/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-7/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-8/ http://ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-10/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-pri nciples-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-12/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-9/, http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principlesof-chemical-science-fall-2008/video-lectures/lecture-13/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-15/ http://ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-14/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-14/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-31/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-34/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-35/ http://ocw. mit. du/courses/chemistry/ 5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-26/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-24 http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-25/ AV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations AV on wavefunction and orbitals Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations Covalent and Ionic bond Covalent and ionic bond Electronegativity concept AV AV-3 AV-4 AV-5 AV-6 AV-7 AV-8AV-9 AV-10 AV-11 AV-12 AV-13 AV-14 AV-15 AV-16 AV-17 Hybridization and Shapes of molecules MO theory AV on MO of homonuclear diatomic molecules Av on rate law Av on transition state theory AV on catalysis AV on concept of redox reaction Balancing redox reaction Electrochemical cell AV-18 AV-19 AV-20 AV-21 AV-22 AV-23 AV-24 http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-21 / http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-22/ http://ocw. it. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-23/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-27/ http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-28/ http://wwwchem. uwimona. edu. jm:1104/courses/CFT. html http://ocw. mit. edu/courses/chemistry/5-111-principles-of-chemical-science-fall2008/video-lectures/lecture-30/Classification of acid -base Autoionization of Water, pH Function, Strength of Acids and Bases,Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids and bases pH of salt solutions,buffers, Common ion effect, Acid-base titration. Introduction of coordination compounds, Nomenclature, Crystal Field Theory in octahedral complexes CFT Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex LTP week distribution: (LTP Weeks) Weeks before MTE Weeks After MTE Spill Over 7 6 2 Detailed Plan For LecturesWeek Number Lecture Number Broad Topic(Sub Topic) Chapters/Sections of Text/reference books Other Readings, Lecture Description Relevant Websites, Audio Visual Aids, software and Virtual Labs Introduction to syllabus and general discussion on chemical principles Discovery of electron and nucleus Introduction to syllabus and general discussion on chemical principles Discovery of electron and nucleus Learning Outcomes Pedagogical Tool Demonstration/ Case Study / Images / animation / ppt etc. Planned AV17 Week 1 Lecture 1 Atoms and Molecules(Importance T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 of chemical principles,Discovery and 25 section 1. of electron and nucleus,Waveand 1. 9 particle duality of light and matter) R-1:Ch 1 Page 25-27 Section 1. 5 Atoms and Molecules(Importance T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 of chemical principles,Discovery and 25 section 1. 6 of electron and nucleus,Waveand 1. 9 particle duality of light and matter) R-1:Ch 1 Page 25-27 Section 1. 5 Making them aware about the syllabus and its importance Lecture 2 Making them aware about the syllabus and its importance AV17 Week 1 Lecture 2 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 equation,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. and Ch 1 Page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2:Ch 7 Page 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. 6 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 equation,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. 9 and Ch 1 Page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2:Ch 7 Page 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. 6 Atoms and Molecules(Schrodinger T-1:Ch 1 Page 14-15 equation,Quantum and 25 section 1. 6 numbers,Concept of wavefunction 1. 9 and Ch 1 Page 32 and orbitals) -35 Section 1. 11 T-2:Ch 7 Page 279283 Section 7. 4and Ch 7 Page 286-287 Section 7. Atoms and Molecules (Mulitelectron atoms and electro n configurations) T-1:Ch 1 Page 27-31 35-40 Section 1. 10 1. 12-1. 13 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its Importance To explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals Lecture 3 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its Importance To explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals Week 2 Lecture 4 De Broglie Equation, Limitation and numerical Schrodinger equation only and its ImportanceTo explain particle and AV18 wave nature of matter and concept of wavefunctions ,orbitals spd orbitals shapes orientations including s p and d orbitals shapes orientations including nodes Electronic configuration of elements up to 30 atomic number using three building up principles Aufbaus rule Pauli Exclusion principle Hunds rule of maximum multiplicity Only electronegativity Pauling Concepts of Electronegativity To introduce the AV19 20 21 co ncept of orbital to define the arrangement of electrons at different energy level within an atomLecture 5 Atoms and Molecules(Electronegativity concepts,periodic properties) T-1:Ch A Page 87-91 Section A. 1 A. 2 T-2:Ch 7 Page 358375 To provide how does a AV24 covalent bond develop HW1 allotment ionic character Week 2 Lecture 5 Chemical Bonding(Covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan's rule)) T-1:Ch A Page 87-88 Section A. 1 A. 2 and Ch 2 Page 49-54 Section 2. 1-2. 2 T-2:Ch 9 Page 366369 Section 9. 4 T-1:Ch A Page 87-88 Section A. 1 A. 2 and Ch 2 Page 49-54 Section 2. 1-2. 2 T-2:Ch 9 Page 366369 Section 9. 4 T-1:Ch A Page 87-91 Section A. 1 A. T-2:Ch 7 Page 358375 T-1:Ch 2 Page 58-64 T-2:Ch 10 Page 417429 T-1:Ch 2 Page 64-67 Section 2. 6 T-2:Ch 10 Page 429 -432 Section 10. 6 T-1:Ch 2 Page 67-70 Section 2. 6 T-2:Ch 10 Page 432437 Section 10. 7 RW-3 Lewis dot symbols Ionic bond Polar Non polar Covalent bonds and Comparision of the properties of covalent and ionic compounds, Fajans Rule Lewi s dot symbols Ionic bond Polar Non polar Covalent bonds and Comparision of the properties of covalent and ionic compounds, Fajans Rule Only electronegativity Pauling Concepts of ElectronegativityTo provide what type of AV22 23 bonding exist between various atoms to form a molecule Lecture 6 Chemical Bonding(Covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan's rule)) To provide what type of AV22 23 bonding exist between various atoms to form a molecule Atoms and Molecules(Electronegativity concepts,periodic properties) To provide how does a AV24 covalent bond develop HW1 allotment ionic character Week 3 Lecture 7 Chemical Bonding(hybridization and shapes of molecules) sp sp2 and sp3 hybridization and their examples Concept BMO ABMO Bond Order Magnetic characterTo determine how do AV25 various atoms combine to form a molecule To define the existence AV26 stability and property magnetic character of molecule To define the existence AV27 stability and property magnetic character of molecule Lecture 8 C hemical Bonding(Molecular orbital theory) RW-4 Lecture 9 Chemical Bonding(molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecules) MO diagram Bond order and magnetic character of Homonuclear diatomic molecule only Week 4 Lecture 10Solid state(Idea of spatial T-1:Ch 3 Page 95-97 periodicity of lattices,band theory) Section 3. 1-3. 2 Amorphous and To define the nature of crystalline substance unit the substance formed cell Space Lattice due to arrangement of atoms or molecules Band theory Conduction To explain the electrical valence band Energy property of different Gap Application in substances Conductors Band theory Conduction To explain the electrical HW 1 submission valence band Energy property of different Gap Application in substances Semiconductor Types n nd p , Insulators Lecture 11 Solid state(Electrical properties of material like conductor) T-1:Ch B Page 142144 Section B. 3-B. 4 T-2:Ch 20 Page 876878 Section 20. 3 T-1:Ch B Page 145 Section B. 4 T-2:Ch 20 Page 876878 Se ction 20. 3 Lecture 12 Solid state(semiconductor and insulator) Week 5 Lecture 13 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Rate laws,nuclear chemistry and elementary reactions) T-1:Ch 6 Page 261268 Section 6. 1-6. 3 T-2:Ch 13 Page 546 – 564 567 Section 13. -13. 3 T-1:Ch 6 Page 287289 Section 6. 6 T-2:Ch 13 Page 568571 Section 13. 4 RW-5 Rate Order of reactions Units of Rate constant Rate law Integrated rate Law derivation amp numerical based on zero amp first Order reactions To have the understanding of reaction the stochiometry of reactants to form products AV28 Lecture 14 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Collision theory, Arrhenius concept,application of transition state theory (Energy profile diagram))Collision theory and To explain how do factors affecting it,No various reactions takes Derivation Arhenius place equation terms Activation energy Energy profile diagrams including intermediate and transition state reaction mechanism and To explain the sequence AV29 its evidence of st eps in a reaction and verification of proposed mechanism Lecture 15 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Reaction mechanism) T-1:Ch 6 Page 281286 289 Section 6. 56. 6 T-2:Ch 13 Page 571581 Section 13. 4 and13. 5 T-1:Ch 13 Page 581 and 586-588. Section 13. 6 T-2:Ch 14 Page737738 Week 6 Lecture 16 Chemical dynamics and Catalysis (Enzyme catalysis) nzyme catalysis, Protein To explain the increase AV30 chain peptidase in rate of reaction due Test 1 Allotment to substance without being consumed itself during the course of reaction taking enzyme catalysis Homework,Test 1 RW-6 Reduction amp oxidation To provide basics of Oxidizing and reducing electrochemistry To agents Oxidation number provide basics of electron transfer Balancing redox reaction reactions by ion electron method Galvanic cell Anode cathode Salt bridge and its significance Standard reduction potential and SHE Application of series Analytical numerical To explain how a chemical reaction is used to generate electricity and to pro vide possible combination of reactants in order to generate electricity AV31 32 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Electrochemistry(Concept of Redox reaction,Balancing redox reaction) T-1:Ch 8 Page 330332 Section 8. 2-8. 3 T-2:Ch 19 Page 820 822 Section 19. 1 Week 7 Lecture 19 Electrochemistry(Electrochemical T-1:Ch 8 Page 332cell,Application of electrochemical 335 Section 8. 4 Ch 8 series) Page 335-342 345 347-352 Section 8. 58. 6 8. 8 T-2:Ch 19 Page 823 825 Section 19. Ch 19 Page 827 – 830 Section 19. 3 RW-7 Av33 Week 7 Lecture 20 Electrochemistry(Electrochemical T-1:Ch 8 Page 332cell,Application of electrochemical 335 Section 8. 4 Ch 8 series) Page 335-342 345 347-352 Section 8. 58. 6 8. 8 T-2:Ch 19 Page 823 825 Section 19. 2 Ch 19 Page 827 – 830 Section 19. 3 Electrochemistry(Nernst equation, corrosion) T-1:Ch 8 Page 335342 345 347-352 Section 8. 5-8. 6 8. 8 Ch 19 Page 853-854 868 Section 19. 119. 7 T-2:Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 Page 844 – 848 Section 19. 7 T-1:Ch 8 Page 335342 345 347-352 Section 8. 5-8. 6 8. 8 Ch 19 Page 853-854 868 Section 19. 119. 7 T-2:Ch 19 Page 827 830 Section 19. 3 Page 844 – 848 Section 19. 7 RW-7Galvanic cell Anode cathode Salt bridge and its significance Standard reduction potential and SHE Application of series Analytical numerical To explain how a chemical reaction is used to generate electricity and to provide possible combination of reactants in order to generate electricity Av33 Nernst equation numerical General Type Dry and wet Rusting of iron Corrosion prevention including cathodic protection Nernst equation and To explain deterioration of metals and its prevention Lecture 21 Electrochemistry(Nernst equation, corrosion) Nernst equation numerical General Type Dry and wet Rusting of iron Corrosion prevention including cathodic protection Nernst equation and To explain deterioration of metals and its prevention MID-TERMWeek 8 Lecture 22 Acid and bases(Classification of acid-bases, auto ionization of wat er, pH function, strength of acids and bases) T-2:Ch 15 Page 646 – 652 Section 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 15. 4 RW-8 Different Concepts Arrhenius Bronsted Lowry and Lewis Autoionization of Water pH and Its measurement Strength of Acids and Bases Different Concepts Arrhenius Bronsted Lowry and Lewis Autoionization of Water pH and Its measurement Strength of Acids and Bases Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids and base To explain Different Concepts of Acid and bases pH AV 34 35 Lecture 23 Acid and bases(Classification of acid-bases, auto ionization of water, pH function, strength of acids and bases)T-2:Ch 15 Page 646 – 652 Section 15. 1 15. 2 15. 3 15. 4 RW-8 To explain Different Concepts of Acid and bases pH AV 34 35 Lecture 24 Acid and bases(Equilibrium T-2:Ch 15 Page 647– involving weak acids. equilibrium 663 Section15. 5 15. 6 involving weak bases) Acid base equilibria understanding AV 35 Week 9 Lecture 25 Acid and bases(Equilibrium T-2:Ch 15 Page 647– involving wea k acids. equilibrium 663 Section15. 5 15. 6 involving weak bases) Acid and bases(pH of salt solutions,buffers) T-2:Ch 15 Page 674 – 679 Section 15. 10 Ch 16 Page 698 – 716 Section 16. 216. 4 R-1:Ch 6Page259266 T-2:Ch 15 Page 674 – 679 Section 15. 10 Ch 16 Page 698 – 716 Section 16. 216. R-1:Ch 6Page259266 T-2:Ch 16 Page 698 – 716 Section 16. 216. 4 R-1:Ch 7 Page286314 T-1:Ch 4 Page 165170 Section 4. 5-4. 6 Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids and base pH of salt solutions and buffers Acid base equilibria understanding buffer and salt pH determination AV 35 Lecture 26 AV36 Lecture 27 Acid and bases(pH of salt solutions,buffers) pH of salt solutions and buffers buffer and salt pH determination AV36 Acid and bases(Common ion effect,acid-base titration) Common ion effect and Understanding pH acid base titration curves metric titration ex strong base vs weak acid AV36 Week 10 Lecture 28 Transition Metal Chemistry (Introduction and nomenclature of coordinati on compounds)Coordination compounds To explain the basics of AV 37 Ligands Donor atoms metalcomplexes coordination sphere Chelates oxidation state of central metal coordination number Nomenclature examples RW-9 Concept Splitting Energy Factors effecting Splitting Nature of ligands including Spectrochemical series oxidation state of metal and size of d orbitals CFSE in Tetrahedral complexes Splitting in square planar Comparision between Splitting energy of Octahedral and Tetrahedral complexes Effect of geometry on crystal field splitting To define the existence AV 38 39 and stability of different octahedral tetrahedral and square planar complexes of metals Lecture 29 Transition Metal Chemistry (Crystal Field Theory) T-1:Ch 4 Page 155160 Section 4. 2 Week 10 Lecture 30 Transition Metal Chemistry (Crystal Field Theory) T-1:Ch 4 Page 155160 Section 4. 2 RW-9Concept Splitting Energy Factors effecting Splitting Nature of ligands including Spectrochemical series oxidation state of metal an d size of d orbitals CFSE in Tetrahedral complexes Splitting in square planar Comparision between Splitting energy of Octahedral and Tetrahedral complexes Effect of geometry on crystal field splitting Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex Application of crystal field theory in magnetic properties and colour of the complex To define the existence AV 38 39 and stability of different octahedral tetrahedral and square planar complexes of metals Week 11 Lecture 31 Transition Metal Chemistry T-1:Ch 4 Page 163(Application of crystal field theory 164 Section 4. 4 in magnetic properties) T-2:Ch 22 Page 950955 Section 22. Transition Metal Chemistry(Colour T-1:Ch 4 Page 163of the complexes) 164 Section 4. 4 T-2:Ch 22 Page 950955 Section 22. 5 To explain the Av 40 properties magnetic character and colour of metal complexes To explain the AV 40 properties magnetic character and colour of metal complexes Lecture 32 Organometallics(Introductory theory of organometallics and its application) T-1:Ch C Page 187192 Section C. 1 Introduction Example of To explain the basics of Grignard reagent metalcarbon complexes ZeiglerNatta catalyst Application In polymerization with reaction hemoglobin and chlorophyll molecule use of metal in biological system Organometallics(Metals in biology) Lecture 33 Polymerization(Classification of polymers)R-1:Ch 18 page 941945 T-1:Ch 14 Page 601605 Section 14. 114. 2 Terms Monomer To explain different Oligomers Polymers types of polymers polymerization Degree of polymerization Functionality Clasification on the basis of structure types of monomer units Including Types of Copolymers occurance method of synthesis stereochemistry and thermal behavior Uses Addition Condensation and Copolymerisation with examples To provide various Test 2 allotment methods of synthesis of polymers Week 12 Lecture 34 Polymerization(Type of polymerisation) T-1:Ch 14 Page 606607 Section 14. 3 Week 12 Lecture 35 Polymerization(Ap plication of polymers) T-1:Ch 14 Page 601605 634-638 648-649 653-655 Section 14. 1-14. 14. 5-14. 6 Application of polymers To provide uses of polymers Lecture 36 Week 13 Lecture 37 Photochemistry(Jablonskii diagram) Photochemistry(Concept of fluorescence) T-1:Ch 22 Page 984986 Section 22. 3 T-1:Ch 22 Page 983989 Section 22. Homework,Test 2 Jablonskii diagram Singlet triplet To explain different possibilities on absorption of radiation Lecture 38 Concept of fluorescence To provide influence of rdiation on behavior of matter phosphorescence Quantum Yield Application of photochemistry in Photovoltaic solar cell To provide influence of rdiation on behavior of matter To use the principle of photochemistry in Photovoltaic solar cellPhotochemistry(Phosphorescence) T-1:Ch 22 Page 987989 Section 22. 5 Lecture 39 Photochemistry(Application of photochemistry in photo voltaic cell /solar cell) T-1:Ch 22 Page 989991 Section 22. 6 SPILL OVER Week 14 Lecture 40 Lecture 41 Revision Revision revisio n of syllabi upto MTE revision of syllabi after MTE Scheme for CA: Component Homework,Test Frequency 2 Total :Out Of 3 Each Marks Total Marks 10 10 20 20 Details of Academic Task(s) AT No. Objective Topic of the Academic Task Nature of Academic Task (group/individuals/field work Evaluation Mode Allottment / submission Week 2/4 Homework 1 To analyze comprehensive and analytical skills of studentsWave-particle duality of light and matter, Schrodinger equation, Individual Quantum numbers, Concept of wavefunction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations, covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan’s rule) and electro-negativity concepts, hybridization and shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecule. performance based Homework,Test 1 To analyze the conceptual and analytical skills of students Wave-particle duality of light and matter, SchrA? AÂ ¶dinger Individual equation, Quantum numbers, Concept of wavef unction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations, covalent bonds, ionic bonds (Fajan's rule) and electro-negativity concepts, hybridization and shapes of molecules, Molecular orbital theory, molecular orbital diagram for homonuclear diatomic molecule.Concept of crystalinity and type of lattices, Band theory and its application in electrical properties of material like conductor, semiconductor and insulator Rate laws,Nuclear chemistry and elementary reaction, Collision theory, Arhenius concept, Application of Transition state theory (Energy profile diagram), Reaction mechanism . Concept of Redox reaction, Balancing redox reaction Individual Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, Application of electrochemical series, Corrosion, Classification of Acid-Bases, Autoionization of Water, pH Function, Strength of Acids and Bases, Equilibrium Involving Weak Acids. Equilibrium involving weak bases, pH of salt solutions, and buffers,Common ion effect,Acid-base titration, I ntroduction of coordination compounds, Nomenclature, Crystal Field Theory and its application. Classification of polymers. Performance based 6/6 Homework,Test 2To analyze the knowledge of students which they gained from this course. Performance based 11 / 11 Plan for Tutorial: (Please do not use these time slots for syllabus coverage) Tutorial No. Lecture Topic Type of pedagogical tool(s) planned (case analysis,problem solving test,role play,business game etc) Tutorial 1 Importance of chemical principles,Discovery of electron Problem solving and nucleus,Wave-particle duality of light and matter, Schrodinger equation, Quantum numbers Concept of wavefunction and orbitals, Mulitelectron atoms and electron configurations,electro-negativity concepts,Periodic properties Problem solving Tutorial 2 Tutorial 3